Fathulla Jameel, Maldives

Jameel was the Permanent Representative of the Maldives to the United Nations from April 14, 1977 to 1978. He became Minister of Foreign Affairs on March 14, 1978 and, under President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, held that position for 27 years. On July 14, 2005, he resigned as Minister of Foreign Affairs and was instead appointed as a Special Advisor to the President. On April 30, 2008 he was sworn into the position of senior minister, a relatively new post created by the incumbent president Gayoom.

Fatuhullah began his public service career on the 18th of November 1969, as a teacher at Majeediyya School. He became the Minister of External Affairs during the presidency of Ibrahim Nasir, on 14 March 1978.

When Maumoon Abdul Qayyoom became President, Fatuhullah was appointed as Minister of External Affairs, towards the end of 1978. He remained at that position until his resignation in July 2005. After resignation, he served as Special Advisor to the President.

In his obituary Haveeru daily described him as father of Maldives foreign diplomacy.

Fatuhullah also served as Minister of State for Planning and Environment at one time. He also was the President’s Member at the People’s Majlis for a long time.

Fathulla Jameel studied in Al-Azhar University of Egypt and obtained a BA in Islamic Theology. He later attended a postgraduate teacher training course at Ain Shams University.

He was interviewed by Egyptian writer journalist Anis Mansour, after the editor of than famous Al Hilal magazine editor scholar Dr. Hussain Mu'nis suggested that Mr. Mansour interview Maldivian students, for his book حول العالم في 200 يوم (my journey around the world in 200 days). According to Mr. Mansour, Fathulla said that his dream was to become a teacher in a school upon his return, the highest and most prestigious job available than in the Maldives. In Egypt he stayed with his friends, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom and Zahir Hussain, at a Maldivian government leased flat, in the Al-Hilmiyyaa area of Cairo.

Fathulla was the second generation to study in Egypt. Before him his father, Mr. Muhammad Jameel Didi studied in Egypt during King Fuad and Farooq's reign. 

He obtained his primary, secondary and tertiary education in Egypt at Mauhadhul Qahira in Dharraasa ward.

Peers describe him as an intelligent person and his many skills include drawing, singing and playing guitar and was known to crack jokes that go along with the occasion.

Fathulla was an avid supporter of Egyptian Zamalek SC Football Club and he named his residence after the Club Zamalek.

Fathulla Jameel died Thursday at Singapore General Hospital from a heart disease. He was 69. 2012. Maldives President Mohammed Waheed Hassan Manik sent his condolences for the family and declared the national flag to be flown at half mast for three days.

Source: Fathulla Jameel

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Pedro I, Brazil Empire

Pedro I (1798-1834)

Pedro I, organizer of the Brazilian domain and first head of Brazil, from Dec. 1, 1822, to April 7, 1831, additionally figured as King Pedro (Peter) IV of Portugal.

For the most part known as Dom Pedro, he was the child of King John VI of Portugal. At the point when Napoleon vanquished Portugal in 1807, Pedro went with the imperial family in its flight (war) to Brazil. He stayed there as official when King John came back to Portugal in 1821.

Pedro encircles himself with priests who directed freedom. At the point when the Portuguese Cortês (Parliament), inclining toward provincial status for Brazil, requested that Pedro come back to Lisbon to "finish his political training," he issued an assertion of Brazilian freedom on Sept. 7, 1822. Inside three months he was delegated head.

Pedro's underlying fame disappeared, and in 1823, when the Brazilian Assembly was setting up a liberal constitution, he broke down that body and banished the radical pioneer José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva. On March 25, 1824, in any case, Pedro acknowledged a to some degree less liberal constitution drafted by the Council of State at his command.

Despite the fact that reception of that contract may have spared Pedro from testimony, it didn't restore his fame. His despotic way, his absence of energy for parliamentary government, and his proceeding with profound enthusiasm for Portuguese undertakings irritated his subjects, as did the disappointment of his military powers in a war with Argentina over what is currently Uruguay. Solid resistance in the Brazilian Parliament and a progression of neighborhood uprisings instigated him to renounce in 1831 for his child Dom Pedro II, who was then five years of age. Pedro I at that point came back to Portugal.

On the demise of King John VI (March 10, 1826), Pedro I had turned out to be main ruler of Portugal as Pedro IV. After two months, still in Brazil, he issued a parliamentary contract for Portugal and restrictively abandoned the Portuguese royal position for his little girl Maria da Glória, the future Queen Maria II. He kicked the bucket of characteristic causes in Portugal while securing his girl's claim against that of his sibling, the official Miguel.

Pedro the great leader, hero of national heroes and the father of nation of Brazil died on 1834.

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Umar Bin Khattab, Islamic Khilafa

Umar Bin Khattab (580-644)
 
Conceived in around 580 A.D, Hazrat Umar (R.A) had a place with Adi tribe of Qureysh in Makkah. He was around 10 years more youthful than the Holy Prophet ﷺ, and both likewise had similar precursors. His progenitors assumed an extraordinary part in settling question among the tribes, the Adi family used to lead them as an Arbitrator. His father`s name was Khattab and his granddad was Nufail, who were both surely understood for their judicious and basic leadership capacities. His mom, Khantamah was a little girl of Hisham container al-Mughirah, a profoundly positioned individual among the Qureysh.

Life During Youth

He used to touch camels from his initial age which expanded his errand taking care of capacities and general inclination. He likewise needed to hold up under the hardships by confronting fury of his dad at whatever point he tumbled in completing the allocated obligations. Umar (R.A) was additionally one of only a handful few instructed people in the whole Qureyshi tribe, who could both read and compose. He additionally got comfortable with the workmanship and study of family history and knew the historical backdrop of the Arabs. At youth, he was a physically solid individual with tall stature. He could travel long separations on his feet with no issue. He was additionally considered among the best wrestlers because of his incredible athletic capacities and he likewise won the vast majority of the battles held at the yearly fairs of Ukaz. He was additionally well known for his faultless steed riding abilities. He was keen individual, a notable open speaker and effectively took care of the ambassadorial part on part of Qureysh.

Acknowledgment of Islam

Regardless of the mix of his immaculate scholarly and physical ability he had, shockingly Umar had not acknowledged the Message of Allah SWT. He contradicted the Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ and different Muslims to the extent that he even offered his administrations to execute) the Prophet ﷺ (God prohibit when the Qureyshi tribes assembled in sixth year after first disclosure. When he was headed to executer this endeavor, he came to think about grasping of Islam by his sister and sibling and law from Sa`d receptacle Abi Waqqas. He went straight to his sister, Fatimah`s house where they were being shown Quran by Khabab (R.A). He was significantly moved by the Holy verses and endorsed them as the Word of God. On hearing Umar`s (R.A) concurrence with the lessons of the Holy Book, Khabab revealed to him that he had heard the Prophet ﷺ getting some information about conceding the friendship of either Umar or Abu Jahl. At that point, he (R.A) asked where the Rasulullah ﷺ was, lastly grasped Islam on account of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. Alternate Muslims yelled with delight at this occurrence as they realized that it would essentially reinforce the believers` constrains against the skeptics. The Apostle ﷺ of God has been described by Abdullah (R.A):

"We have turned out to be strong since 'Umar wound up noticeably Muslim." (Bukhari)

In this way, the Prophet ﷺ communicated His sentiments over Umar`s (R.A) incorporation in Islam by respecting him as an awesome reinforcing factor in the power of the Muslims.

Getting the Title of Al-Farooq

Prior to the incorporation of Hazrat Umar (R.A) in the hover of Islam, Muslims couldn't offer Salah freely because of dread of intense head of the Qureyshi tribes. Be that as it may, not long after his relationship with the Religion of Peace, the devotees got the bravery to come transparently before them as they was already aware nobody would set out to meddle as long as Umar (R.A) was there. He also attended many wars. He (R.A) was the person who initially proposed the Holy Prophet ﷺ that they ought to perform salat in the Haram (the Holy Kaaba), where the Messenger ﷺ of Allah out of the blue lead the Muslim supplication. Because of such brave proposition of Hazrat Umar (R.A), he was given the title of Al-Farooq by Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ, which signifies "the person who recognizes the privilege and the off-base". Described by Abdullah canister Umar (R.A):

"Undoubtedly, Allah has put truth upon Umar`s tongue and heart." (Tirmidhi)

Most likely Hazrat Umar (R.A) properly should have been related to the name of Al-Farooq as saw in the previously mentioned Hadith.

Movement from Makkah To Madina

In 622 A.D, Allah SWT requested the Muslims to emigrate from Makkah instantly with the goal that they could be spared from mistreatment of the Makkan skeptics. It was the season of awesome dread and fear as Muslims imagined that they would be slaughtered if non adherents had come to think about their taking off. Everybody was moving towards Madina unobtrusively separated from the overcome Umar (R.A), who subsequent to performing Namaz in Kaaba, transparently pronounced his undertaking before all and welcomed them to stop him in the event that they could set out to do as such. The Holy Prophet ﷺ is accounted for to have said in regards to the exceptional certainty of Hazrat Umar (R.A) in the accompanying words:

"I see that villain either from people or jinn, flees from Umar." (Tirimzi)

The above expressed Hadith shows the enormous size of boldness of Hazrat Umar (R.A) as far as his incredible perseverance over religious confidence.

Part as Prophet`s ﷺ Main Counselor

As asked for, Allah SWT made Hazrat Umar (R.A) the dearest companion of Rasulullah ﷺ who remained by Him for the duration of his life. Described by Abdullah ibn Abbas (R.A):

"O Allah, reinforce Islam with Abu Jahl canister Hisham or Umar container Khattab.' In the morning Umar went to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and grasped Islam.'" (Tirmidhi)

He ended up being an incredible guide in numerous perplexing issues, and the Holy Prophet ﷺ consented to his thoughts on commonly. His reasonability was because of his outstanding characteristics of critical thinking capacities and information about the historical backdrop of the Arabs.

"On the off chance that the information of 'Umar was put on one side of a scale, and the learning of the general population on the opposite side of the scale, 'Umar's information would measure more." (Al-Mustadrak)

With respect to awesome rank of Hazrat Umar (R.A) in Islam, the Messenger ﷺ of Allah has been accounted for by Uqbah receptacle Amir to have stated:

"On the off chance that there were to be a prophet after me, to be sure he would be Umar, child of Khattab." (Tirmidhi)

The previously mentioned Hadith demonstrates that Sayyidina Farooq e Azam (R.A) had such extraordinary identity qualities that he was even considered close to the prophets.

The majority of this discourse reveals to us that Hazrat Umar (R.A) was an extraordinary counsel and manual for Rasulullah ﷺ in tackling diverse multifaceted issues.

Being Second Caliph in Muslim History

After the demise of the Prophet ﷺ, Umar (R.A) was in so much distress that he couldn't trust it. At that point, Abu Bakr (R.A) ameliorated him and influenced him to understand that Prophet ﷺ was likewise a human. At that point, a question rose whether who might take expert after the entry of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. Immediately, Hazrat Umar (R.A) tended to the Muslims about awesome character of Sayyidina Siddeeq e Akbar (R.A), reminded them about his closeness to Rasulullah ﷺ and proposed to make him the primary Khalifah (Caliph). After death of Abu Bakr (R.A), Umar (R.A) assumed control over the Caliphate and turned out to be second Khalifah. His value to be held as the Ameer of Momineen can be approved from the accompanying Hadith in which he has been said as a standout amongst the most equitable people. He was the great leader and hero of Islamic Khilafah.

"Trail me from my mates Abu-Bakr and 'Umar." (Tirmidhi)

Amid his opportunity, Hazrat Umar (R.A) acted insightfully, made the social framework simply through Zakah (Charity) to the degree that there did not exist even a solitary bum on boulevards, set up courts of equity, made Bait ul Maal (Public Treasury) for reasonable keeping and arrangement of assets, built up postal administrations, division of bigger regions into regions for parallel circulation of assets, allotment of stipends for minorities in vanquished ranges, beginning "Taraweeh" amid Ramadan, augmentation of the Masjid ul Haram, the principal Muslim ruler to find Isra, where the rising of the Holy Prophet ﷺ occurred at Jerusalem. He was likewise the person who made the Muslim Calendar by taking proposals of others and tallied it from the relocation year. There are numerous other awesome accomplishments of Hazrat Umar (R.A) amid his rule which significantly incorporate the development of Muslim state to the far away places well past the limits of the Arabia, including the victories of Damascus, Iraq, Iran, Rome, Persia, and Jerusalem, Egypt and so on. The Muslim control had extended pretty much 22, 00,000 square miles under the summon of Farooq e Azam. He ran every one of the issues with such reasonableness that once in a sermon he was blamed for having taken two bits of fabric from Bait ul Maal, however he cleared the issue well by expressing that he was given the additional material by his child Abdullah.

To put it plainly, Hazrat Umar (R.A) had the best conceivable identity attributes that made him ready to be called Al-Farooq by the Holy Prophet ﷺ Himself. He was a genuine sidekick, advocate, researcher, ruler, an overcome man, profoundly wise or more every one of the an incredible reformer in the Muslim history. In 23 A.H, Farooq e Azam (R.A) passed on because of death on account of a non adherent who martyred him while he was asking in the mosque because of an individual hatred. He is covered alongside Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ according to his desire. May Allah SWT give us Muslims with a fair ruler like Hazrat Umar (R.A) once more! Aameen!

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Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile

 Bernardo O'Higgins (1778-1842)

Bernardo O'Higgins was conceived in Chillán, the ill-conceived child of Isabel Riquelme, little girl of a Chilean landowner. He was known in early life by his mom's name. His dad was the Irish-conceived Ambrosio O'Higgins, later emissary of Peru. Not straightforwardly recognized by his dad, Bernardo was raised by non-permanent parents in Chile, at that point instructed at the San Carlos College, Lima, lastly sent to England, where he progressed toward becoming pervaded with liberal thoughts and changed over to Francisco de Miranda's tasks for the freedom of the Spanish states. Following several years in Spain, where he lived in neediness and the disapproval of his dad (who, in any case, yielded on his deathbed and left him a bequest close Concepción), he came back to Chile in 1802. He at that point accepted the name of O'Higgins and made his home with his mom and relative Rosita. He was the great leader and hero of national heroes of Chile.  

O'Higgins devoted himself completely to the battle for liberation which was then starts in Chile. In spite of the fact that he needed extraordinary blessings of generalship, he had awesome individual strength, vitality, and constancy. In 1814 he assumed control order of the nationalist powers from the adversary freedom pioneer, José Miguel Carrera. Compelled to withdraw northward before the Spaniards, O'Higgins made a chivalrous remain at Rancagua and afterward pulled back with the remainders of the nationalist armed force over the Andes into Argentina. There he joined the powers under the order of Gen. José de San Martín, coming back to Chile with him in 1817 to win the skirmish of Chacabuco and to wind up noticeably the main head (executive supreme) of a free Chile. So that He was called the father of nation of Chile.

Freedom of Chile and Peru 

For the following 6 years O'Higgins was occupied with crusades to get the Spaniards out of Chile and in endeavors to develop an expeditionary power and armada for the intrusion of Peru. In spite of the fact that O'Higgins strived to sort out the nation on liberal lines, open discontent expanded because of the strain of the war, monetary surrender, and the undeniably despotic measures O'Higgins' administration felt obliged to take. Understanding that the decision now lay between proceeding to control by compel as a tyrant or to leave office, O'Higgins picked the last course and left for oust in Peru (1823). He lived there unobtrusively with his mom and stepsister, on the domain given him in acknowledgment of his administrations for the freedom of Peru, until his demise in 1842.

O'Higgins was a man of straightforward and upright character and liberal standards. Despite the fact that he dedicated his life to the topple of the Spanish control which his dad had presented with such qualification, he loved his dad's memory and endeavored to proceed with a significant number of the emissary's changes. His valor and patriotism, and his choice to surrender control as opposed to utilize it tyrannically, have guaranteed him the chief place in his nation's history.

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Cheddi Jagan, Guyana

Cheddi Jagan (1918-1997)

 Cheddi Jagan was the great leader of Guyana, who assumed a key part in Guyana's war or struggle for autonomy. For his commitment to Guyana, he is viewed as the "Father of Nation". He was conceived on a sugar manor as the child of the estate foreman; his folks were of Indian OK. As a grown-up, he examined dentistry in the United States at Northwestern University in Chicago. Amid this time, he additionally wound up plainly inspired by political science and examined it. He at that point came back to Guyana with his American spouse Janet, where he honed as a dental specialist before turning into a government official. He started his political vocation with laborers unions, later getting to be noticeably Prime Minister of British Guyana on two separate events. His radical communist perspectives were frequently contradicted amid his initial political vocation. He and his significant other, who was likewise a compelling political figure in Guyana, established the biggest political development in Guyana's history, and additionally the nation's first present day political gathering, the People's Progressive Party (PPP). They kept on being essential political figures in the nation for more than six decades, working their way up from laborer's union positions, through parliament, and on to the administration. Jagan turned into the President of Guyana in 1992, staying in the position until his passing in 1997. He is viewed in Guyana as "the father of the country" right up 'til the present time.

Adolescence and Early Life

He was conceived on March 22, 1918, on Plantation Port Mourant, British Guiana (now called Guyana). His dad was the estate foreman, and both of his folks were of Indian heritage.

He got formal instruction at his dad's request. At 15 years old, he enlisted in Queen's College optional school in the country's capital, Georgetown.

He was not able look for some kind of employment after secondary school, provoking him to move to the United States and study dentistry at 18 years old.

He learned at Howard University in Washington, D.C., from 1935 to 1937, taking pre-dental courses.

He went to Northwestern University in Chicago's dentistry program from 1938 to 1942, preceding coming back to Guyana in October of 1943.

Profession

He began rehearsing dentistry in Georgetown, Guyana in 1943. It was here he initially started to make political contacts.

In 1945, he ventured out legislative issues, as treasurer of a specialists union. He didn't keep the position for long as he was evacuated after he questioned a portion of the union's practices.

In 1947, he was chosen to the British Guianan governing body, in the principal decision since World War II.

In 1950, he and his better half framed the People's Progressive Party (PPP), Guyana's first current political gathering, with Jagan as its pioneer.

He turned into the country's initially Prime Minister in 1953, under the new British-conceded constitution. He was expelled from office later that year, in the wake of pushing for radical financial changes. The British suspended the constitution and picked a between time government.

In 1957 races, Jagan's Party PPP developed as the champ and he turned into the clergyman of exchange abd industry. In his new part he sought after direct arrangements of financial change.

In 1961, he was by and by chosen Prime Minister of Guyana, with the PPP winning by a thin edge of just 54%.

He kept on pushing for communist government in Guyana, prompting revolting amid his second term as Prime Minister and British troops being positioned in Guyana indeed, from 1961– 1964.

Jagan's gathering PPP lost the ensuing general decision in 1964. In any case, he proceeded with his association in governmental issues. He filled in as the pioneer of the resistance and turned into the PPP's general secretary in 1970.

In the wake of sitting in the resistance for a long time, PPP won the 1992 races and Jagan turned into the leader of Guyana. He stayed in control until his passing in 1997.

Real Works

He is known for his commitment in freeing Guyana from British colonization and in building up majority rule government.

He made the primary major political gathering in Guyana's history, the People's Progressive Party (PPP).

He created a few books; these include: 'Illegal Freedom: The Story of British Guiana' (1954), 'The West On Trial: My Fight for Guyana's Freedom' (1966), 'The Caribbean Revolution' (1979) and 'The Caribbean: Whose Backyard?' (1984).

Honors and Achievements

He was twice chosen as the Prime Minister of Guyana, in 1953 and in 1961, separately.

In 1992, he turned into the President of Guyana.

Individual Life and Legacy

He wedded Janet Rosenberg, an American, in August 1943, while living in Chicago. She came back to Guyana with him, where she filled in as his dental collaborator, and was later vigorously engaged with his political exercises.

He and his significant other have two kids, Nadira and Cheddi Jr, and five grandchildren

He endured a heart assault on February 15, 1997, and was traveled to Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., where he experienced heart surgery.

He passed on in Washington, D. C., on March 6, 1997, because of his past heart assault.

The national air terminal of Guyana, The Cheddi Jagan International Airport, situated close Georgetown, is named for him. He was the hero of national heroes of Guyana.

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